Cold Start is a military doctrine designed and developed by the Indian Armed Forces aimed to implement offensive operations against Pakistan. The so-called Cold Start Doctrine (CSD) was intentionally designed to prevent nuclear retaliation from Pakistan in the form of conflict.
Precise Background:
It has deep roots in India's Parliamentary attack which took place in 2001, soon after the attack, India proclaimed propaganda war against Pakistan. According to India, the attack was carried out by terrorist groups like (Jaish-e-Mohammed and Lashkar-e-Tayyaba) allegedly used as proxies by Pakistan's powerful intelligence agency (ISI). As India did always...
As to response, India initiated a full mobilization of 500,000 troops with three armored division units along the Line of Control (LoC) codenamed Operation Parakram in 2004, the mobilization takes a month to assembled which clearly demonstrates the unprofessionalism of the Indian Army and concern for policymakers performance. Anyhow, this long take mobilization allowed Pakistan Army to mobilize 300,000 troops with the access of Armoured and Artillery to deter any kind of threat and aggression from India. As both the states are on the brink of war which may lead to a nuclear war, avoiding the escalation world power took the matter and resolved it with a ceasefire.
By experiencing the insignificant model, resulting, the Indian Army has developed CSD in 2004 to facilitate smaller scale, rapid, and decisive conventional offensive operations into Pakistani territory before the international community can actively intervene and before Pakistan would feel compelled to launch nuclear retaliatory strikes to repel an Indian invasion.
Is CSD effective against Pakistan?
This significant change to Indian defense planning provides them with an edge to mobilized their army at reducing time to launch a retaliatory conventional strike against Pakistan that could inflict unexpected harm on the Pakistan Army, which would also deny Pakistan a justification to escalate the clash to the nuclear level.
By following this Indian Army would capable to begin their offensive operation within 48 to 72 hours after receiving orders from the higher authority, doctrine involved limited, rapid armored thrusts, heavy infantry, and necessary air support. Such exercise operations launched from forwarding positions in Punjab and Rajhastan.
The plan largely emphasizes speed and overwhelming firepower, formations of armored corps, and accompanying infantry that would advance into the eastern side of the enemy's territory, intend to achieve limited goals in terms of distance and duration.
Initially, New Delhi officially denied the existence of CSD. However, Chief of Army Staff General Bipin Rawat publicly acknowledge the doctrine for the first time in an interview in January 2017: "The Cold Start doctrine exists for conventional military operations. Whether we have to conduct conventional operations for such strikes is a decision will be thought through, involving the government and the Cabinet Committee on Security."
Pakistan's Response:
The implementation of the Cold Starts Doctrine is a matter of concern for Pakistan as a response from Pakistani Military Chairman Joint Chief of Staff Committee adopting an aggressive policy by declaring 2010 "Year of Training" and conducted a large-scale join-military exercise, Azm-e-Nau-III, which focused on offensive defense against Cold Start. Nasr, a nuclear-capable tactical ballistic missile with a range of 60km was tested to further strengthen the deterrence capability.
According to some analysts, the development of the Nasr indicates that Pakistan views Cold Start with concern and that the missile was meant to deter India's implementation of the doctrine. Moreover, the net result would be "further nuclear impacts on India's territory."
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